Politeness in parliamentary discourse an analysis of the Hansard

Abstract

This study investigates politeness in parliamentary discourse in Ghana. Using politeness theory as framework and the parliamentary Hansard as of source of data, the study examines the politeness strategies employed by parliamentary actors, the implications of the frequency of the usage of the politeness strategies and how the Standing Orders of Parliament determine the choice of a politeness strategy. Findings of the study show that political actors in the Parliament of Ghana use the bald on-record politeness strategies, the positive politeness strategies, the negative politeness strategies and the off-record politeness strategies in varied proportions. The study further reveals that the negative politeness strategy is the most frequently used politeness strategy and the Speaker being the highest user of the negative politeness strategy and the bald on-record politeness strategy. Again, the study found out that the off-record politeness strategy is the least used strategy. The Majority Members in Parliament use the highest frequency of positive politeness strategies while the Minority Members of Parliament employ more negative politeness strategies. The study concludes that parliamentary discourse in Ghana is more of the direct explicit polite expressions than the indirect implicit expression of politeness. The study recommends that researchers should pay critical attention to the politeness phenomenon in parliamentary discourse.